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The type of burn must be determined based on the skin's appearance. The following are characteristics of each burn type:
First-degree burns are limited to the outer layer of skin, appearing red and dry. A common example of this painful injury is a sunburn.
Second-degree burns are partial thickness burns that appear moist and typically result in blistering.
Third-degree burns affect all layers of the skin and appear white and charred. The damaged skin has a leathery and firm surface. This type of burn typically damages nerve endings, so it may not be painful.
Fourth-degree burns, although rare, are full thickness burns extended down to the muscle or bone.
Apply proper treatment based on the type of burn:
First-degree burns should be treated by soaking the burned area in cold water for 15 minutes. Ice or topical ointments should not be used on the skin's surface.
Second-degree burns should be treated by first removing the burned clothing if possible. Be careful not to burst the blisters. Ice or topical ointments should not be used on the skin's surface. Place a sterile dressing over the burned area and see a health professional if the blistering is severe.
Third-degree burns should be treated by first removing the burned clothing if possible. Ice or topical ointments should not be used on the skin's surface. Place a sterile dressing over the burned area and immediately see a health professional.
Fourth-degree burns should be treated immediately by emergency medical help. Do not use any ice or topical ointments on the skin's surface and try to place a sterile dressing over the burned area.
Results of burns:
Skin debriding
Skin grafts
Physical therapy and rehabilitation
Scars—physical and emotional
Changes in appearance cause effects on self-esteem
Negative self image
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(18) Burns. (2001). Retrieved Aug. 24, 2005, from The Keep Kids Healthy Web site: http://pediatrics.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keepkidshealthy.com%2Fwelcome%2Ffirstaid%2Fburns.html
(8) Burn camp. Retrieved July 27, 2005, from Healthcast Web site: http://www.wtajtv.com/health/burncamp.html
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